Traficando con hombres: la antropología de la masculinidad
Resumen
Traducción de Patricia Prieto.La antropología siempre ha tenido que ver con hombres hablando conhombres sobre hombres; no obstante, es bastante reciente que dentrode la disciplina unos pocos hayan realmente examinado a los hombrescomo hombres. Este capítulo explora cómo entienden, utilizan y discuten los antropólogos la categoría de masculinidad mediante la revisión de análisis recientes sobre los hombres como sujetos que tienen género, a la vez que lo otorgan. Se comienza con las descripciones de cuatro formas distintas de definición y tratamiento de la masculinidad en la antropología,y se presta atención especial a las relaciones de diferencia, desigualdad y mujeres con el estudio antropológico de las masculinidades, incluida la curiosa omisión de la teoría feminista por parte de numerosos antropólogos estudiosos de lo varonil. Los temas específicos que se discuten abarcan las diversas economías culturales de la masculinidad, la noción de regiones culturales en relación con las imágenes de hombría, amistad masculina, machismo, corporalidad masculina, violencia, poder y fisuras sexuales.Descargas
Citas
ALLISON, A. Nightwork: Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in aTokyo Hostess Club, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994.
ALMAGUER, T. “Chicano Men: a Cartography of Homosexual Identity and Behavior”, en Differences, 3(2):75-100, 1991.
ALTER, J. S. The Wrestler‘s Body: Identity and Ideology in North India,University of California Press, Berkeley, 1992.
ARDENER, E. The Voice of Prophecy and Other Essays, Blackwell, Londres, 1989.
BACA-ZINN, M. “Chicano Men and Masculinity”, en J. Ethn. Stud, 10(2):29- 44, 1982.
BATTAGLIA, D. “We Feed our Father: Paternal Nurture Among the Sabari of Papua New Guinea”, en Am. Ethnol., 12(3):427-441, 1985.
BENEDICT, R. Patterns of Culture, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1934.
BLOCH, M. From Blessing to Violence: History and Ideology in the Circumcision Ritual of the Merina of Madagascar, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986. “Decent and Sources of Contradiction in Representations of Womenand Kinship”, ver Collier y Yanagisako, 1987, pp. 324-337.
BLY, R. Iron John: A Book About Men, Vintage, Nueva York, 1990.
BOLTON, R. “Machismo in Motion: the Ethos of Peruvian Truckers”, en Ethos, 7(4):312-342, 1979.
BOURDIEU, P. The Logic of Practice, R. Nice (trad.), Stanford University Press Stanford, 1990a.—— “La domination masculine”, en Actes Rech. Sci. Soc., 84:2-31, 1990b.—— “Masculine Domination Revisited”, Berk. J. Sociol., en prensa.
BOURGOIS, P. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
BOWDEN, R. “Art and Gender Ideology in the Sepik”, en Man (NS), 19(3):445-458, 1984.
BRANA-SHUTE, G. On the Corner: Male Social Life in a Paramaribo Creole Neighborhood, Waveland, Prospects Heights, 1979.
BRANDES, S. “Sex Roles and Anthropological Research in Rural Andalusia”,en Women’s Stud., 13:357-372, 1987.——Metaphores of Masculinity: Sex and Status in Andalusian Folclore,University of Pensylvania Press, Filadelfia, 1980.
BRISON, K. “Changing Constructions of Masculinity in a Sepik Society”, en Ethnology, 34(3):155-175, 1995.
BROUDE, G. J. “Protest Masculinity: a Further Look at the Causes and the Concept”, en Ethos, 18(1):103-122, 1990.
BRUSCO, E. E. The Reformation of Machismo in Colombia, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1995.
CARRIER, J. M. De los Otros: Intimacy and Homosexuality Among Mexican Men, Columbia University Press, Nueva York, 1995.
CASTELAIN-MEUNIER, C. Les hommes, aujourd’hui: Virilité et identité, Acropole, París, 1988.
CATH, S. H, GURWITT, A. Y GUNSBERG, L. (eds.). Fathers and their Families, Analytic, Hillsdale, 1989.
CHAGNON, N. A. Yanomamo: The Fierce People, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Nueva York, 1968.
CHODOROW, N. J. Femininities, Masculinities, Sexualities: Freud and Beyond, University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, 1994.
COHEN, L. “The Pleasures of Castration: the Postoperative Status of Hijras, Jankhas, and Academics”, en P. R. Abramson y S. D. Pinkerton, (eds.), Sexual Nature, Sexual Culture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1995a, pp. 276-304.—— “Holi in Banaras and the Mahaland of Modernity”, en Gay Lesbian Q.,2:399-424, 1995b.
COHN, C. “Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals”, en Signs, 12(4):687-718, 1987.
COLLIER, J. F. y YANAGISAKO, S. J. (eds.). Gender and Kinship: Essays Toward a Unified Analysis, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1987.
COMAROFF, J. Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance: The Culture and History of a South African People, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1985.
CONNELL, R. W. Gender and Power: Society, the Person and Sexual Politics, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1987. ——Masculinities, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1995.
COUNIHAN, C. “Transvestism and Gender in a Sardinian Carnival”, en Anthropology, 9:11-24, 1985.
COUNTS, D. A., BROWN, J. K., CAMPBELL, J. C. (eds.). Sanctions and Sanctuary:
Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives, Westview, Boulder, 1992.
COWAN, J. K. Dance and the Body Politic in Northern Greece, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1990.
DE BARBIERI, T. “Sobre géneros, prácticas y valores: Notas acerca de erosiones del machismo en México”, en J. M. Ramírez Sáiz (ed.). Normas y prácticas morales y cívicas en la vida cotidiana, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 1990, pp. 83-106.
DELANEY, C. The Seed and the Soil: Gender and Cosmology in Turkish Village Society, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1991.
DI LEONARDO, M. “Methodology and Misinterpretation of Women’s Status in Kinship Studies: a Case Study of Goodenough and the Definitionof Marriage”, en Am. Ethnol., 6(4):627-637, 1979.
DUNDES, A. “A Psychoanalytic Study of the Bullroarer”, en Man (NS), 11:220-238, 1976. “Into the Endzone for a Touchdown: a Psychoanalytic Consideration of American Football”, en West. Folk., 37:75-88, 1978.
DUNEIER, M. Slim’s Table: Race, Respectability, and Masculinity, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1992.
DURKHEIM, E. The Division of Labor in Society, G. Simpson (trad.), Free Press, Nueva York, 1993.
DWYER, D. Images and Self-images: Male and Female in Morocco, Columbia University Press, Nueva York, 1978
ELLISTON, D. A. “Erotic Anthropology: ‘Ritualized Homosexuality’ in Melanesia and Beyond”, en Am. Ethnol., 22(4):848-867, 1995.
EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. (ed.). Man and Woman Among the Azande, Faber & Faber, Londres, 1974.
FACHEL LEAL, O. (ed.). Cultura e identidade masculina. Cadernos de Antropologia, Univ. Fed. Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, núm. 7, 1992.
FANON, F. Black Skin, White Masks, C. L. Markmann (trad.), Grove, Nueva York, 1967.
FOUCAULT, M. The History of Sexuality, vol.1. R. Hurley (trad.), Vintage, Nueva York, 1980a.——Herculine Barbin: Being the Recently Discovered Memoirs of a Nineteenth-Century French Hermaphrodite, R. McDougall (trad.), Pantheon, Nueva York, 1980b.
FRIED, M., HARRIS, M. y MURPHY, R. (eds.). War: The Anthropology of Armed Conflict and Aggression, Natural History, Nueva York, 1967.
FRIEDL, E. Women and Men: An Anthropologist’s View, Waveland, Prospect Heights, 1984 (1975).
GILMORE, D. D. Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1990.—— “Commodity, Comity, Community: Male Exchange in Rural Andalusia”, en Ethnology, 30(1):17-30, 1991.
GILMORE, M. M. y GILMORE, D. D. “Machismo: a Psychodynamic Approach”,en J. Psychoanal. Anthropol., 2(3):281-300, 1979.
GINSBURG, F. “The ‘World-Made’ Flesh: the Disembodiment of Gender inthe Abortion Debate”, en Uncertain Terms: Negotiating Gender in. American Culture, F. Ginsburg y Al Tsing (eds.), Beacon, Boston, 1990, pp. 59-75.
GODELIER, M. The Making of Great Men: Male Domination and Power Among the New Guinea Baruya, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986.
GODELIER, M. y STRATHERN, M. (eds.). Big Men and Great Men: Personifications of Power in Melanesia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
GREENBERG, J. Blood Ties: Life and Violence in Rural Mexico, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1989.
GREGOR, T. Anxious Pleasures: The Sexual Life of an Amazonian People, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1985.
GREGORY, J. R. “The Myth of the Male Ethnographer and the Women’s World”, en Am. Anthropol., 86:316-327, 1984.
GUTMANN, M. C. The Meanings of Macho: Being a Man in Mexico City, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1996.—— “The Ethnographic (G)ambit: Women and the Negotiation ofMasculinity in Mexico City”, en Am. Ethnol, 24(4), 1997.GUY, D. J. Sex and Danger in Buenos Aires: Prostitution, Family and Nation in Argentina, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1992.
HERDT, G. (ed.). Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New Guinea,University of California Press, Berkeley, 1982.—— The Sambia: Ritual and Gender in New Guinea, Holt, Rinehart &Winston, Fort Worth, 1987. —— (ed.). “Introduction to the Paperback Edition”, en Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1993Preface to the 1994 Edition”, en Guardians of the Flutes: Idioms of Masculinity, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994a.——Guardians of the Flutes: Idioms of Masculinity, University of ChicagoPress, Chicago, 1994b (1981).—— y STOLLER, R. J. Intimate Communications: Erotics and the Study ofCulture, Columbia University Press, Nueva York, 1990.
HERMAN, E. The Romance of American Psychology: Political Culture in the Age of Experts, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1995.
HERZFELD, M. The Poetics of Manhood: Contest and Identity in a CretanMountain Village, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1985. —— “‘As in Your Own House’: Hospitality, Ethnography, and theStereotype of Mediterranean Society”, en Honor and Shame and theUnity of the Mediterranean, D. D. Gilmore (ed.). Am. Anthropol. Assoc.,Washington, 1987, pp. 75-89.—— “Silence, Submission, and Subversion: Toward a Poetics ofWomanhood”, ver Loizos y Papataxiarchis, 1991, pp. 79-97
HEWLETT, B. S. Intimate Fathers: The Nature and Context of Aka Pygmy PaternalInfant Care, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1991.
HOLLOS, M. y LEIS, P. Becoming Nigerian in Ijo Society, Rutgers UniversityPress, New Brunswick, 1989.
JACOBS, S. E., THOMAS, W. y LANG, S. (eds.). Two- Spirit People: Native American
Gender Identity, Sexuality and Spirituality, University of Illinois Press,Urbana, 1997.
JARDIM, D. “Espaco Social e Autosegracao Entre Homens: Gostos, Sonoridadese Masculinidade”, en Cultura e Identidade masculina.Cadernos de Antropologia, Univ. Fed. Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre,núm. 7, 1992, pp. 29-42.
KATZ, J. “The Invention of Heterosexuality”, en Social. Rev., 1:7-34, 1990.
KEESING, R. M. “Introduction”, ver Herdt, 1982, pp. 1-43.
KNAUSS, P. The Persistance of Patriarchy: Class, Gender, and Ideology inTwentieth Century Algeria, Praeger, Nueva York, 1987.
KOHRMAN, M. “Motorcycles for the Disabled: Power, Mobility, and Transformation of Experience in Urban China”, inédito, 1997.
KONNER, M. The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit,Harper, Nueva York, 1982.
LANCASTER, R. N. Life is Hard: Machismo, Danger, and the Intimacy of Power in Nicaragua, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1992.—— “On Homosexualities in Latin America (and Other Places)”, en Am.Ethnol., 24(1):193-202, 1997a.—— “Gutol’s Performance: Notes on the Transvestism of Everyday Life”,en Sex and Sexuality in Latin America, D. Balderston y D. J. Guy(eds.), Nueva York University Press, Nueva York, 1997b, pp. 9-32.—— “The Queer Body”, University of California Press, Berkeley, inédito, 1998.
LAQUEUR, T. Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud, HarvardUniversity Press, Cambridge, 1990.
LEACOCK, E. Myths of Male Dominance, Monthly Review, Nueva York, 1981.
LEE, R. B. “What Hunters Do for a Living, or, How to Make out on ScarceResources”, en Man and Hunter, R. B. Lee, I. De Vore (eds.), Aldine, Chicago, 1968, pp. 30-48.
LEINER, M. Sexual Politics in Cuba: Machismo, Homosexuality, and AIDS, Westview, Boulder, 1994.
LÉVI-STRAUSS, C. The Elementary Structures of Kinship, J. H. Bell, J. R. vonSturmer y R. Needham (trads.), Beacon, Boston, 1969a.——The Raw and the Cooked, J. y D. Weightman (trads.), Harper & Row,Nueva York, 1969b.
LEWGOY, B. “Os Cafés na Vida Urbana de Porto Alegre (1920-1940): AsTransformacoes em um Espaco de Sociabilidade Masculino”, en Cultura e Identidade masculina. Cadernos de Antropologia, Univ. Fed. Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, núm. 7, 1992, pp. 61-80.LEWIS, O. Life in a Mexican Village: Tepoztlán Restudied, University of IllinoisPress, Urbana, 1963 (1951).
LIMÓN, J. Dancing with the Devil: Society and Cultural Poetics in Mexican-American South Texas, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison,1994.
LOIZOS, P. PAPATAXIARCHIS, E. (eds.). Contested Identities: Gender and Kinshipin Modern Greece, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1991.
LOMNITZ, L. A. Networks and Marginality: Life in a Mexican Shantytown,C. Lomnitz (trad.), Academic, Nueva York, 1977.
—— y PÉREZ-LIZAUR, M. A Mexican Elite Family: 1820-1980, C. Lomnitz(trad.), Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1987.
LUHRMANN, T. M. The Good Parsi: The Fate of a Colonial Elite in a Postcolonial Society, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
LUMSDEN, I. Machos, Maricones, and Gays: Cuba and Homosexuality, Temple University Press, Filadelfia, 1996.
LUTZ, C. “The Gender of Theory”, en Women Writing Culture, R. Behar y D. A. Gordon (eds.), University of California Press, Berkeley, 1995,pp. 249-66.
MATTHEW C. GUTMANN 93
MACCORMACK, C. y STRATHERN, M. (eds.). Nature, Culture and Gender, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980.
MAGEO, J. M. “Male Transvestism and Cultural Change in Samoa”, en Am. Ethnol., 19(3):443-459, 1992.
MALINOWSKI, B. The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia, Harcourt, Brace & World, Nueva York, 1929. ——Sex and Repression in Savage Society, Meridian Books, Cleveland, 1955 (1927).
MARSHALL, M. Weekend Warriors: Alcohol in a Micronesian Culture, Mayfield, Palo Alto, 1979.
MEAD, M. Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, Laurel, Nueva York, 1963 (1935). ——Male and Female: A Study of the Sexes in a Changing World, Morrow, Nueva York, 1975 (1949). MERLEAU-PONTY, M. Phenomenology of Perception, C. Smith (trad.), Routledge & Kegan Paul, Londres, 1962.
MERNISSI, F. Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in a Modern Muslim Society, University of Indiana Press, Bloomington, 1987 (1975).
MIRANDÉ, A. Hombres y Machos: Masculinity and Latino Culture, Westview,Boulder, 1997.
MONSIVÁIS, C. Escenas de pudor y liviandad, Grijalbo, México, 1981.
MOORE, H. L. Feminism and Anthropology, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1988.
MORGAN, L. H. Ancient Society, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1985(1877).
MOSSE, G. L. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity, Oxford University Press, Nueva York, 1996.
MURPHY, Y. y MURPHY, R. F. Women of the Forest, Columbia University Press,Nueva York, 1985.
MURRAY, S. O. Latin American Male Homosexualities, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1995.
NANDA, S. Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India, Wadsworth, Belmont, 1990.
NEWMAN, P. L. y BOYD, D. J. “The Making of Men: Ritual and Meaning in Awa Male Initiation”, ver Herdt, 1982, pp.239-285
NEWTON, E. Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America, Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, 1972.
NORDSTROM, C. y MARTIN, J. (eds.). The Paths to Domination, Resistance, and Terror, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1992.
OLIVEN, R. Tradition Matters: Modern Gaucho Identity in Brazil, Columbia University Press, Nueva York, 1996.
ORTNER, S. B. “Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture?, en Woman, Culture and Society, M. Z. Rosaldo y L. Lamphere (eds.), Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1974, pp. 67-88.—— y WHITEHEAD, H. “Accounting for Sexual Meanings”, ver Ortner yWhitehead, 1981, pp. 1-27.—— y WHITEHEAD, H. (eds.). Sexual Meanings: The Cultural Construction ofGender and Sexuality, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981.
PAIGE, K. E. y PAIGE, J. M. The Politics of Reproductive Ritual, University ofCalifornia Press, Berkeley, 1981.
PAPAPTAXIARCHIS, E. “Friends of the Heart: Males Commensal Solidarity,
MATTHEW C. GUTMANN 95 Gender, and Kinship in Aegean Greece”, ver Loizos y Pataxiarchis, 1991, pp.156-179.
PARKER, A., RUSSO, M., SOMMER, D. y YAEGER, P. (eds.). Nationalisms and Sexualities, Routledge, Nueva York, 1992.
PARKER, R. G. Bodies, Pleasures, and Passions: Sexual Culture in Contemporary Brazil, Beacon, Boston, 1991. —y GAGNON, J. H. (eds.). Coceiving Sexuality: Approaches to Sex Research in a Postmodern World, Routledge, Nueva York, 1995.
PARKER, S. y PARKER, H. “Male Gender Identity in the Israeli Kibbutz: Reflections on ‘Protest Masculinity’”, en Ethos, 20(3):340-357, 1992.
PARSONS, T. y BALES, R. F. Family, Socialization and Interaction Process, Free Press, Nueva York, 1955.
PELETZ, M. Reason and Passion: Representations of Gender in a Malay Society, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1996.
POOLE, F. J. P. “The Ritual Forging of Identity: Aspects of Person and Self in Bimin-Kuskusmin Males Initiation”, en Herdt, 1992, pp. 99-154.
RAMÍREZ, R. L. Dime capitán: Reflexiones sobre la masculinidad, Huracán, Río Piedras, 1993.
READ, K. E. “Nama Cult of the Central Highlands, New Guinea”, en Oceana, 23(1):1-25, 1952.
ROBERTSON, J. “The Politics of Androginy in Japan: Sexuality and Subversion in the Theater and Beyond”, en Am. Ethnol., 19(2): 419-442, 1992.
ROGERS, S. C. “Female Forms of Power and the Myth of Male Dominance:a Model of Female/Male Interaction in Peasant Pociety”, en Am.Ethnol., 2(4):727-755, 1975.
ROSCOE, W. The Zuni Man-Woman, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1991.
RUBIN, G. “The Traffic in Women: Notes on the ‘Political Economy’ of Sex”, en Anthropology of Women, R. Reiter (ed.), Monthly Review,Nueva York, 1975, pp.157-210. —— “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality”,en The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, H. Abelove, M. A. Barale yD. M. Halperin (eds.), Routledge, Nueva York, 1993 (1982), pp.3-44.—— “Sexual Traffic: Interview”, en Differences, 6(2,3):62-99, 1994.
SACKS, K. Sisters and Wives: The Past and Future of Sexual Inequality, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1982 (1979).
SANDAY, P. R. Fraternity Gang Rape: Sex, Brotherhood, and Privilege on Campus,New York University Press, Nueva York, 1990.
SCHEPER-HUGHES, N. Saints, Scholars, and Schizophrenics: Mental Illness inRural Ireland, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1979.——Death Without Weeping: The Violence of Every day Life in Brazil, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1992.
SCHWALBE, M. Unlocking the Iron Cage: The Men’s Movement, Gender,Politics, and American Culture, Oxford University Press, Nueva York, 1996.
SEDGWICK, E. K. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire, Columbia University Press, Nueva York, 1985.
SMITH, R. The Negro Family in British Guiana: Family Structure and Social Status in the Villages, Routledge & Kegan Paul, Londres, 1956.
SPIRO, M. E. Oedipus in the Trobriands, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1982.
STACK, C. All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community, Harper & Row, Nueva York, 1974.
STEPHEN, L. Women and Social Movements in Latin America: Power from Below, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1997.
STERN, S. J. The Secret History of Gender: Women, Men, and Power in LateColonial Mexico, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill,1995.
STOLER, A. L. “Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Gender, Race, and Morality in Colonial Asia”, en Gender at the Crossroads of Knowledge:Feminist Anthropology in the Postmodern Era, M. Di Leonardo (ed.), University of California Press, Berkeley, 1991, pp. 51-101.
STRATHERN, M. Gender of the Gift: Problems with Women and Problems withSociety in Melanesia, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1988.
STREICKER, J. “Policing Boundaries: Race, Class, and Gender in Cartagena, Colombia”, en Am. Ethnol., 22(1):54-74, 1995.
TAGGART, J. M. “Gender Segregation and Cultural Constructions of Sexualityin Two Hispanic Societies”, en Am. Ethnol., 19(1):75-96, 1992.
TIGER, L. Men in Groups, Boyars, Nueva York, 1984 (1969).
TSING, A. L. In the Realm of the Diamond Queen: Marginality in an Out-of-the- Way Place, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1993.
TUZIN, D. F. “Ritual Violence Among the Ilahita Arapesh: the Dynamics ofMoral and Religious Uncertainty”, ver Herdt, 1982, pp. 321-355.—— The Cassowary’s Revenge: The Life and Death of Masculinity in a New Guinea Society, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1997.
WACQUANT, L. J. D. “The Pugilistic Point of View: How Boxers Think and Feel About Their Trade”, en Theory Soc., 24(4):489-535, 1995a.“Pugs at Work: Bodily Capital and Bodily Labour Among Professional Boxers”, en Body Soc., 1(1):65-93, 1995b.—— “The Prizefighter’s Three Bodies”, inédito, 1997.
WEEKS, J. Sexuality and Its Discontents: Meanings, Myths, and ModernSexualities, Routledge & Kegan Paul, Londres, 1985.
WELZER-LANG, D. y PICHEVIN, M. (eds.). Des hommes et du masculin, PressesUniv. Centre de Recherches et d’Etudes Anthropologiques, Lyon,1992.
WEST, M. M. y KONNER, M. J. “The Role of the Father: an Anthropological Perspective”, en The Role of the Father in Child Development, M. E. Lamb (ed.), Wiley, Nueva York, 1976. pp.185-218.
WESTON, K. “Lesbian/Gay Studies in the House of Anthropology”, en Annu. Rev. Anthropol., 22:339-367, 1993.
WHITEHEAD, H. “The Bow and the Burden Strap: a New Look at Institutionalized Homosexuality in Native North America”, ver Ortner y Whitehead 1981, pp. 80-115.
WHITING, B. B, (ed.). Six Cultures: Studies of Child Rearing, Wiley, NuevaYork, 1963.—— y WHITING, J. W. M. Children of Six Cultures: A Psycho-CulturalAnalysis, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1975.—— KLUCKHOHN, R. y ANTHONY, A. “The Function of Male Initiation Ceremonies at Puberty”, en Readings in Social Psychology, E. E.Maccoby, T. M. Newcomb y E. L. Hartley (eds.), Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Nueva York, 1958, pp. 359-70.
WILLIAMS, W. The Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture, Beacon, Boston, 1988.
WILLIS, P. Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs, Columbia University Press, Nueva York, 1979.
WILSON, C. Hidden in the Blood: A Personal Investigation of AIDS in Yucatan, Columbia University Press, Nueva York, 1995.
YANAGISAKO, S. J. y COLLIER, J. F. “Toward a Unified Analysis of Gender and Kinship”, ver Collier y Yanagisako, 1987, pp.14-50.
